Diabetes is caused by an animal's inability to secrete enough insulin for some reason, which prevents them from properly using the glucose in their body. Normal kidneys can prevent glucose from being lost in the urine. However, in animals with diabetes, there is too much glucose in the blood, which overwhelms the kidneys' ability to prevent glucose from overflowing into the urine. As a result, the sugar content in the animal's urine exceeds the standard.
The main clinical symptoms of diabetes:
Drinking too much water
Excessive urination
Sudden weight loss
Once diagnosed, the animal will need insulin every 12 hours. Most owners will need to learn how to give your pet insulin. Your doctor or nurse practitioner should clearly and carefully teach you the technique of subcutaneous injections (injections under the skin, not into a blood vessel). Some cases require the pet to be hospitalized for a few days for initial adjustment, but most pets can be given injections at home after diagnosis. The injections may seem daunting at first, but most owners are surprised at how easy it is to give injections at home.
Never change the insulin dose recommended by your doctor. To determine if the dose needs to be adjusted (or if a different type of insulin is more appropriate), your pet will need a blood glucose curve to monitor blood sugar levels every 2 to 4 hours for 12 to 24 hours. This test tells the doctor how long the insulin injections are effective, as well as the lowest and highest blood sugar levels of the day. It is very important to find out your pet's curve. Often in the beginning, it will take several doses and several curves to determine the correct dose.
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